BDNF, NGF) and detrusor muscle (e.g. VAChT). We observed their effects on urothelium thickness and bladder oedema. Thus, these herbal compounds proved to be a potent and effective drugs in the rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and retinyl-acetate/corticosterone-induced detrusor overactivity, representing a novel class of uroprotective agents and being candidates for future studies focused on drug-induced cystitis. Back to the origins: is there a place for herbal drugs in contemporary treatment of drug- induced-cystitis/IC/OAB? Definitely. Lifestyle and nutritional modifications have proven their effectiveness in a number of patients. Although, the concepts of the management based on modern drugs play the major role, possibly novel combinations of several therapeutic modalities, including the administration of natural compounds may become helpful in this heterogenous group of patients. Although large-scale randomised, controlled studies should be performed to reveal the actual therapeutic effectiveness of the herbal treatments, these are basic sciences to search for new interesting targets with immunomodulating and neurotrophic properties. References 1. Hurst RE, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Wisniewski AB, VanGordon S, Lin H, Kropp BP, et al. Increased bladder permeability in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Transl Androl Urol. 2015;4(5):563-71. 2. Keles I, Bozkurt MF, Cemek M, Karalar M, Hazini A, Alpdagtas S, et al. Prevention of cyclophosphamide-in- duced hemorrhagic cystitis by resveratrol: a compara- tive experimental study with mesna. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(12):2301-10. 3. Rada MP, Ciortea R, Malutan AM, Doumouchtsis SK, Bucuri CE, Clim A, et al. The profile of urinary biomarkers in overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(8):2305-13. 4. Lua LL, Pathak P, Dandolu V. Comparing anticholiner- gic persistence and adherence profiles in overactive
5. Chughtai B, Kavaler E, Lee R, Te A, Kaplan SA, Lowe F. Use of herbal supplements for overactive bladder. Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):93-6. 6. Wrobel AF, Kluz T, Surkont G, Wlazlak E, Skorupski P, Filipczak A, et al. Novel biomarkers of overactive bladder syndrome. Ginekol Pol. 2017;88(10):568-73. 7. Wrobel A, Zapala L, Kluz T, Rogowski A, Misiek M, Juszczak K, et al. The Potential of Asiatic Acid in the Reversion of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrha- gic Cystitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11). 8. Zapala L, Niemczyk G, Zapala P, Wdowiak A, Bojar I, Kluz T, et al. The Cannabinoid Ligand Arachi- donyl-2’-Chloroethylamide (ACEA) Ameliorates Depressive and Overactive Bladder Symptoms in a Corticosterone-Induced Female Wistar Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4). 9. Zapala L, Juszczak K, Adamczyk P, Adamowicz J, Slusarczyk A, Kluz T, et al. New Kid on the Block: The Efficacy of Phytomedicine Extracts Urox((R)) in Reducing Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Rats. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:896624. 10. Pang R, Ali A. The Chinese approach to comple- mentary and alternative medicine treatment for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Transl Androl Urol. 2015;4(6):653-61. 11. Zhou J, Jiang C, Wang P, He S, Qi Z, Shao S, et al. Effects and safety of herbal medicines on patients with overactive bladder: A protocol for a systema- tic view and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(37):e17005. 12. Kajiwara M, Mutaguchi K. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of gosha-jinki-gan, Japanese traditional herbal medicine, in females with overactive bladder. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2008;54(2):95-9. 13. Ito Y, Seki M, Nishioka Y, Kimura M, Yasuda A, Kirimoto T, et al. Pharmacological effects of Hachi- mi-jio-gan extract (Harncare) on the contractile response and on pharmacologically relevant receptors in the rat bladder. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2009;129(8):957-64. 14. Heng YJ, Saunders CI, Kunde DA, Geraghty DP. TRPV1, NK1 receptor and substance P immunore- activity and gene expression in the rat lumbosacral spinal cord and urinary bladder after systemic, low dose vanilloid administration. Regul Pept. 2011;167(2-3):250-8. 15. Xiao DD, Lv JW, Xie X, Jin XW, Lu MJ, Shao Y. The combination of herbal medicine Weng-li-tong with Tolterodine may be better than Tolterodine alone
in the treatment of overactive bladder in women: a randomized placebo-controlled prospective trial. BMC Urol. 2016;16(1):49. 16. Chen LL, Shen YC, Ke CC, Imtiyaz Z, Chen HI, Chang CH, et al. Efficacy of cinnamon patch treatment for alleviating symptoms of overactive bladder: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-con- trolled trial. Phytomedicine. 2021;80:153380. 17. Betschart C, von Mandach U, Seifert B, Scheiner D, Perucchini D, Fink D, et al. Randomized, dou- ble-blind placebo-controlled trial with Bryophyllum pinnatum versus placebo for the treatment of overactive bladder in postmenopausal women. Phytomedicine. 2013;20(3-4):351-8. 18. Schloss J, Ryan K, Reid R, Steel A. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the efficacy of bedtime buddy(R) for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):421. 19. Schloss J, Ryan K, Steel A. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial found that a novel herbal formula Urox(R) (Bedtime Buddy(R)) assisted children for the
treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Phytomedicine. 2021;93:153783. 20. Schoendorfer N, Sharp N, Seipel T, Schauss AG, Ahuja KDK. Urox containing concentrated ex- tracts of Crataeva nurvala stem bark, Equisetum arvense stem and Lindera aggregata root, in the treatment of symptoms of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial. BMC Com- plement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):42. 21. Gordon B, Shorter B, Sarcona A, Moldwin RM. Nutritional considerations for patients with in- terstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(9):1372-9. 22. Juszczak K, Adamowicz J, Zapala L, Kluz T, Adamczyk P, Wdowiak A, et al. Potentilla chinen- sis aqueous extract attenuates cyclophosphami- de-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rat model. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):13076. 23. Wrobel A, Zapala L, Zapala P, Piecha T, Radzis- zewski P. The effect of O-1602, a GPR55 agonist, on the cyclophosphamide-induced rat hemorrha- gic cystitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;882:173321.
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bladder patients based on gender, obesity, and major anticholinergic agents. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(8):2123-31.
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